PIA Business and Management Analysis

PIA Business and Management Analysis In 1959, the Government of Pakistan took an initiative of appointing Air Commodore Nur Khan as the M.D (Managing Director) PIA, with his effective approach and visionary leadership, PIA had shown impressive growth and success within a half-decade, acquired the market as one of the leading airlines around the globe. In the history of aviation, this short span of half a decade referred to as the golden era of PIA . The key goals and commitments for new management are development, expansion, and growth and so on by 1960, PIA introduced first Boeing 707 service from London to Karachi and Karachi to Dhaka, proved as a major success. Successful accomplishment resulted in PIA becoming the first Asian Airline to operate jet aircraft, setting examples for the future. In 1961, the airline took an extremely extravagant decision of initiating a cross-Atlantic service from Karachi to New York. PIAs services had carried some over 70,000 passengers during the first year of operation. At times, it was acknowledged as a stellar operation, equal to any other in the world. Due to couple, unfortunate accidents resulted the discontinuation of service in 1966. PIA, in 1962, the wisdom of PIA management. finding the upper winds forecast favorable, PIA set a record of fastest air travel service between London to Karachi in a record time of 6 hours, 43 minutes and 51 seconds, that remains unbroken till date, with the representation of FAI (Federal Aeronaut International). 1964 was another historic year for PIA in terms of achievements and historically acknowledged as a pioneer in the checkered history of the airline. On 29th April, 1964, a Boeing 720B, PIA becomes the first airline from a non-communist country to fly into the Peoples Republic of China. PIAs very first service to Republic of China was from Karachi to Shanghai via Canton. By next year PIA increased number of planes by introducing another Boeing 720B and two more F-27s. As a national institution, PIAs development, had become a serious reality and the PIA team continued to achieve its ambitious plans and goals for the national flag carrier. A system of feeder services linking eight points in West Pakistan was introduced in 1966 at the times the airlines viscount were proving insufficient ownership to fast growth and to be replaced by tridents and the growth curve was on high, adding two F-27s and Boeing 707s following year. In 1964-65 the top slot of PIA was taken over by Air Vice Marshal, Asghar Khan for a tenure of 3 years. The introduction of new uniforms for the air hostesses by a well renowned French designer, Pierre Cardin was the most colorful change, if not the most significant at times of highest attributes that changed the entire aviation industry in terms of crew staff and taken as storm by the world. This inspirational move leave a success mark in the industry for PIA and the new uniform was an instant hit both at home and in abroad. Another achievement of PIA was, to become the first airline to get certification (first/lnitial certification) on SMS(Safety Management System) by CAA Civil Aviation Authority Pakistan. Civil Aviation Authority Air Navigation Order (ANO 91.0032 issued in September 2008) binds all airlines operating in Pakistan to have SMS. It is the privilege of PIA, who first initiated SMS awareness and implementation in July 2008. PIA awarded initial certification on SMS in 27th February 2009 by CAA. PIA installed its first fully functional Engine Overhauling Shop, near the Head Office building, was also completed and commissioned at the same times. The PIA Training Centre previously known as The Ground Training School (GTS) was first conceived and developed during 1961-62. Initially the training was imparted in a T-shaped building which later converted into PIAs dispensary close to the Head Office building. Due to high levels of seemingly growth and visible development both in traffic and revenues in 1960s, PIA installed new equipments, adding new routes and destinations, and new technologies to support its ever-expanding operations. 1968; a new Jet Hangar for Boeing with a supporting airframe overhaul was completed and commissioned and by 1970 come up with PIAs own Flight Kitchen in Karachi, which caters, even today, to the national airline as well as other carriers. Over the years, with the airlines expansion and increased capacity, the need for a second Flight Kitchen became imperative. In early nineties PIA come up with new brighter corporate identity. In changing times PIA introduced much smarter and sportifying looks of 90s, the famous PIA green mixed and reinforced with moss green and pale blue stripes were incorporated into the new corporate identity. It was green and gold livery earlier when it was first formed back in 1974, some old-timers may remember the flutter. PIA shows its diversity by active participation and sponsoring range of national games and PIA players are always show their leading presence in Cricket, Hockey, Football, Squash, Chess, Bridges, Polo and table tennis as the stripes logo shows PIAs active participation and diversity. Early nineties progressed to a vast expansion to HAJJ and UMRAH operations and domestic flight operation to all major cities of Pakistan i.e. Islamabad, Peshawar, Lahore, Quetta, and Karachi. PIA undoubtedly continues its growth and now PIA operates globally, and cover the international destinations spread over 4 continents including all landscapes of domestic operations. As far as PIA is still a pretty young airline; shown some impressive graphical statistics since its foundation in 1955, PIA has indeed, come a long way.

Gates of Fire by Steven Pressfield Essay

I. In Greece the polis of Sparta was the number one military authority for the people and for the time period. There was nothing that the Spartans could not do when it came to war. From the time that Spartan men were born, they were evaluated for their future services to the Spartan society. Each baby was sent to have the ten, ten, one test done on them as explained in the novel, The Gates of Fire by Steven Pressfield. This test was to check and make sure that there were no deformities. If there were the children were killed because they could not help the military, therefore had no purpose in their society as a whole. Sparta was a militarist state. The other helots and Athenians and so on, looked to the Spartans for guidance and often for overall protection during the times of war. Their society as a whole was very separated from the rest of Greece though. For example in the novel when Xeones talks about his dreams to be a Spartan he knows that he would never be recognized, while hi s cousin Diomache wants to be an Athenian she knows that is it possible. One could only call himself a Spartan if he was born of a Spartan in Sparta. The polis also held itself high in importance. In the book, The Gates of Fire Rooster whose mother was a Messenian did not see a need to be honorable to Sparta and protect it either. Rooster would curse it and speak of the gods as if they were nothing. So in the novel Polynikes was going to kill Rooster because there is no need for someone who has no trust and honor for Sparta. The Spartan society was one of a kind. There was no other polis that was quite like Sparta in the matters of how they raised their people. The society had two kings, one military and one religious. They also had the council of elders that helped make decisions. In Pressfields novel Leonidas was the military king of Sparta during the times of the battle of Thermopylae. The polis of Sparta had a system, and overall it worked effectively. The men protected the city, and controlled everything through the council of elders. Then in the times of war when the men were away the women were in control. They took care of the cities everyday matters along with the helots from the surrounding polis. The mens duty to the country was to serve. In fact the  last paragraph of the novel does an excellent job in showing this by stating, Tell the Spartans, stranger passing by, that here obedient to their laws we lie. This was referencing the fact that the 300 Spartans died as they were told to by their laws and way of life. Overall the polis of Sparta had an effective system. The military worked as it was supposed to, and most other cities and rulers feared the military of Sparta. The polis also had an effective trade and governing system overall. The women and helots more often than not dealt with the everyday trade and intercity dealings. The council of elders also was effective in governing the city. II. From the beginning of life perfection was the aim and the only way for Spartans. When the children had any imperfection they were either killed or adopted by the helots surrounding the Spartan polis. The men were put up to some of the toughest tests at extremely young ages. At the age of seven they were put into the agoge for their military training. This would prepare them for the military life that they would eventually lead. Pressfields novel explains some of the tests that these young boys were expected to perform. Xeones speaks of the pushing of the tree, in which the boys are expected to push down a huge, old tree with just their muscle and force. This is known to be quite impossible, yet it prepares them for the force needed to fight later on in life. These young boys had to enter this agoge. It was part of growing up in Sparta. They would also have to fight other boys about their age in fist of fist battles as Xeones and Alexandros have to do. The Spartan boys were expected to fight until they could not fight anymore. After these ring fights the boys would also often be whipped until their spines and muscles would show. The boys could tell them to stop, but this would show weakness, so they often would take the beatings until they passed out. This may have seemed harsh and often it was, but this training was what produced the strong military men that Sparta deeply depended on to keep its title as the military power house. Throughout the novel it shows Xeones struggle to be accepted as a Spartan man. This was his dream his entire life, because as  his friend Bruxieus stated, other cities produce monuments and poetry, Sparta produces men.Then men continued to serve in the military until they were thirty years old, when they were finally pardoned of their military duties. The elders in Sparta were upon the most honored citizens. Their age and wisdom were respected more than anyone else. In the novel Xeones honors Bruxieus as he should. Even though Bruxieus is only a slave, with many handicaps that hold him back, Xeones looks past all of this. He sees the knowledge and love that he offers to him and his cousin Diomache in their time of most need. Bruxieus guides and takes care of the children after their town is attacked and their parents and farms are destroyed. So when Bruxieus died Xeones kept his promise that he would go to Sparta and become a Spartan. The women of Sparta were unlike any women from the surrounding areas. The women of Sparta were allowed to be educated, dress as they pleased, exercise and work out, and did many of the tasks that the men did. This exercised the Spartan belief that a man was only as strong as the women that he was born of. The women were not considered equal with the men though. There were many examples of this is Pressfields novel. One being the fact that when Diomache was raped by the military men they told her it was nothing personal, but not to come back because it would happen again. Also it is seen in the fact that women such as Arete though strong in her overall beliefs and her speech she was only this way in the seclusion of her own dwelling. She often would talk to Xeones about personal matters or questions and she would state her opinion, but again this was in the privacy of her own home. Though women were restricted in their power as a gender, they were also greatly respected by the honorable men in their society. This was greatly explored when Dienekes was asking the question of what is the opposite of fear. Dienekes then states, Perhaps the god we seek is not a god at all, but a goddess. He goes on to state that women have more courage and less fear than the men themselves because of all they give to society, such as childbirth. They go on to later state that the opposite of fear is love, which the women show constantly. III.Pressfields novel explores the everyday lives of the Spartan at the time of the battle of Thermopylae. The frame story is a perfect way to tell Xeones story. The first chapter explores Xeones waking up after the battle of Thermopylae and slowly realizing the situation that has occurred. The novel starts out tell the life story of Xeones and how he ended up in the predicament that he did. Pressfield does an amazing job telling the history of Sparta through a personal story. The themes of war, love, society, and spirituality were explored and related to the history aspect of the book. When Xeones starts off his story as a child, the novel shows the harsh side of war. It is one thing for the soldiers themselves to be injured; it is another for a child to see his family and polis destroyed right before his own eyes. Xeones and Diomache then have to forage in the wilderness with Bruxieus, a slave of Xeones that also survived the attack on their polis. The brutality of war and the life Xeones had to live is explored throughout the next few chapters of the novel. The harshest was the rape of Diomache and the internal battle Xeones faces with himself. After being caught stealing his hands are nailed to a board, and Xeones believes they are ruined forever. Eventually he returns to Diomache and Bruxieus, yet he runs off to let himself die because he believes he will never be a Spartan now with his disability. At this point in the novel the spirituality of the time is seen. Xeones sees Apollo the archer who guides him to his chosen career by the gods. Love is seen throughout the entire novel as Xeones craves for his cousins love and acceptance. In the beginning she tells him that he would never be man enough for her to marry and that he is only a silly boy. Yet, throughout the book he seeks her and she could then see in the temple in Athens the real man that her cousin Xeones had become. He was a Spartan, and was a man. Though he loves Diomache and later it is seen she felt the same they both had children and a spouse that came first, before true love. Arete also speaks on the matter and difference of love and marriage to a Spartan when Xeones talks privately with her. She states that she always loved Dienekes even when she was married to Iatrokles his brother. Yet, the society deems arranged marriages more important than the love felt between two people. The battle of Thermopylae was brutal, and heart wrenching. Though only explained through words in this book the blood spill was so life like. The men of Sparta spent days upon days fighting Xerxes men, trying to keep their polis free. The saddest part was the fact that they were fighting so hard, knowing the whole time that they were fighting to just eventually die. They knew they would never again see the site of Sparta or the faces of their children or wives ever again. Yet, that was what kept them going; the love for their country and families and the hope that it would remain free for them and the future generations. So though Thermopylae was a battle of warfare and fighting, it was also a story of the Spartans fighting for what they loved and what they respected. So though the book as a whole focuses on the battle of Thermopylae, it also explores the Spartan society through the eyes of Xeones. He always loved the Spartans and their ways of life. The Spartans were war; it defined them and separated them as a polis. Xeones spent his entire life to become one of these elite men, and eventually through death did so. He died serving the polis that he wanted so bad to become a part of. Yet, through his death he did so. He served the polis and protected his people, and in the end Xeones dream came true, he was honored and named a true Spartan citizen.

Corporate Culture at Apple

Corporate Culture at Apple Apple has a very secretive corporate culture. Often employees will choose not to speak out about apple until they are no longer employed there. Apple goes to greater lengths than any other company in the valley to protect its creative and intellectual environment. Apple’s security policy extends to blogs, speaking engagements, and even what people talk about with spouses. Most employees get the policies and respect them as well.The New York times reported that the company’s veil of secrecy began to take shape around the release og the original Macintosh back in 1984. Employees working on secret projects at Apple have to pass through a maze of security doors, swiping their badges again and again and finally entering a numeric code to reach their offices. Once inside the top secret areas, employees are often monitored by surveillance cameras as they work. Those working on more sensitive projects are allegedly instructed to â€Å"cover up device s with black cloaks when they are working on them. A former Apple marketing manager described the company’s â€Å"controlled leaks,† whick he said the company sometimes relies upon to gauge public reaction, confuse competitors, or encourage partners. I also came across an article where the former CEO of Apple’s big Israel acquisition Anobit shares his experiences of Apple culture. Ariel Maislos said â€Å"They say that Intel is full of paranoids, but at Apple, ‘they’ really are after you. † He worked at Apple for about a year after Apple acquired Anobit in December 2011.Maislos left Apple for what was said to be personal reasons. Maislos was also very familiar with Intel’s culture as well. While Intel engineers are given assignments and are rewarded for ingenuity and creativity, he said it’s a given at Apple that engineers will be at the top of their game. He said â€Å"At Apple, you have to run ahead just to stay in place, and there are very high expectations of everyone. Apple expects everything to be amazing. †

Symbolism Of The Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald

Katelun Hamman English 11 B Mrs. Van Deuren February 1, 2015 Symbolism â€Å"The Great Gatsby† written by F. Scott Fitzgerald takes place during the roaring 20’s, an especially great time for the wealthy. Symbolism is used thoroughly throughout the book to allow us to see how differently people see things and how we are affected by certain things that are out of our control. The color green is used to make us aware of money, wealth, even the future such as the green light at the end of Daisy’s dock. Here it symbolizes the future that Gatsby hopes to resume with Daisy. The Valley of Ashes symbolizes the desperation of the lower class, and the eyes of Dr. T. J. Eckleberg, the eyes of â€Å"God†, symbolizes the fact that there is someone watching and judging all that happens. It was a very desperate time. The color green has many significant meanings in the story, the most important being money, wealth and the future. The roaring 20’s was all about extravagance, living in mansions, having the most expensive autos, boats, artwork, and parties. It wa a time when anyone who was sharp could attain wealth. The only difference being the separation of the old money and the new money, and old money did not accept the new moneyed very well. The parties were the most glorious affairs imaginable, and Gatsby achieved all of this through any means he could find, most likely through organized crime, just needing to reach to top anyway he could. Although he had only attended Oxford for five months, aShow MoreRelatedSymbolism Of The Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1440 Words   |  6 Pages Katelyn Sullivan Professor Cahan College Writing (CUL-221624-01X) 30 November 2015 Symbolism in The Great Gatsby The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald is considered one of the greatest American novels ever written. A major aspect of the story is its symbolism, which is depicted through Fitzgerald’s views regarding American society in the 1920’s. Two significant elements of symbolism include, the green light and the eyes of Doctor T.J. Eckleburg. Each component to the storyline isRead MoreSymbolism Of The Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1764 Words   |  8 PagesSymbolism always plays an important role in literature. F. Scott Fitzgerald heavily uses symbolism in the novel The Great Gatsby. Fitzgerald uses specific symbols as a vehicle to drive the main themes throughout the novel. Carelessness of the upper class, false appearances versus reality, and disillusionment of the American dream are all important themes Fitzgerald portrays through his use of symbolism. The use of symbolism throughout the novel The Great Gatsby is key in advancing and uniting theRead MoreSymbolism O f The Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1130 Words   |  5 PagesSymbolism is commonly used in literature to change or deepen meanings or instill a different meaning to the mind of the readers. The reader is forced to think, make connections, and succeed in adding a new meaning to the novel. F. Scott Fitzgerald is a master of hiding deeper meanings behind a text as clearly showcased in the novel The Great Gatsby. The â€Å"iceberg theory† describes that only around 20% of the story is directly revealed through text. In comparison to an actual iceberg, that is usuallyRead MoreSymbolism in The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald1029 Words   |  4 Pages The symbolism of a book can be a great but yet so small as in the form of a color. In the Great Gatsby, minor things have great importance. In the Great Gatsby, F. Scott Fitzgerald made sure to give great importance to minor details like color and objects. While the theme of the story is that anyone can gain the American Dr eam the fast or illegal way but always with a consequence, Fitzgerald put great importance into colors and objects. With the most common colors of green, white and yellow showingRead More Symbolism in The Great Gatsby, written by F. Scott Fitzgerald1628 Words   |  7 PagesSymbolism in The Great Gatsby, written by F. Scott Fitzgerald The Great Gatsby is a classic American novel, written by F. Scott Fitzgerald in 1927 about corruption, murder and life in the 1920’s. The true purpose for a writer to compose any piece of literature is to entertain the reader, and this writer does this to the best of his ability. In this well-crafted tale, Fitzgerald presents a fast moving, exciting story, and to any typical reader it can be enjoyed; however, if the reader takes the timeRead MoreSymbolisms in The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald Essay846 Words   |  4 PagesA few symbolisms in novels are as memorable as the green light in F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby. Shining at the end of Daisy’s dock, it is close enough to be seen, but too far away to be reached. Still, Gatsby, an eternal optimist, stares at it at night, as if it showed him that all his far-away dreams were about to come true. The green light in The Great Gatsby is symbolic of hope, a source of inspiration, and a representation o f the American Dream to Gatsby and to the novel’s readers.Read MoreColors and Symbolism in The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald1290 Words   |  6 PagesSymbolism is the use of symbols to supply things with a representative meaning or to represent something abstract by an existing object. In the novel The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald, colours are used to symbolize a person’s inner thoughts and feelings. Colours, such as green, white are used to find ones true feelings; while others use colours to hide their true persona. Colour symbolism is used to convey a deeper message to the readers and help us understand the characters true colours. Read MoreSymbolism And Symbolism Of The Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald993 Words   |  4 PagesH English 10 December 2012 In every piece of great literature authors use symbols to convey a feeling or thought. The novel, For example, Lord the Flies, William Golding memorably uses a conch shell to represent order and the destruction of order. Or in To Kill a Mockingbird, Harper Lee uses the physical and metaphoric sense of the mockingbird to convey the idea of innocence and the loss of innocence. In The Great Gatsby, F. Scott Fitzgerald employs the use of symbols to enhance a tragic taleRead MoreSymbolism Of The Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1725 Words   |  7 Pagesof names further the motif of geography by using them as symbolism to represent some of the aspects in the American society at the time of the 1920s. East Egg symbolizes those from the old days, the West Egg represent those who have or are seeking financial opportunity and are known as â€Å"new money†. the valley of ashes represents the moral, social decay, and financial chaos of the American society at this time. 2.The symbol that Fitzgerald used as the outward manifestation of Gatsby’s wealth is hisRead MoreSymbolism Of The Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald901 Words   |  4 PagesSymbolism of Color in Great Gatsby The Great Gatsby was portrayed as one of the greatest novels in American History. But, it is also analyzed as having multiple lenses. This book has been broken down into a ton of symbolisms and it has also been analyzed for every character. The book The Great Gatsby communicates symbolism with the many colors the story line uses and the different way portrays these colors through the settings and plots. The color green is related back to hope. â€Å"He (Gatsby) stretched