Famous Quotes About Dance

Well known expressions About Dance Moving is an outflow of your spirit. You dont need to realize confused strides to move. You dont need to sashay across theâ roomâ or turn your join forces with artfulness. On the off chance that you appreciate moving, you will have the option to discover your feet. Move to the cadence of your heart, and you will feel cheerful, ensured. It doesnt matter whether you like jazz or three step dance, jive or salsa. What makes a difference is that your (actually) heart wants to move. Moving is probably the best type of cardiovascular exercise. Yet, moving likewise helps the arrival of endorphins, the purported bliss hormone. As Dave Barryâ said, Nobody cares on the off chance that you cannot move well. Simply get up and dance.â Regardless of whether the main time you can move is the point at which no ones viewing (potentially the best time of every one of), these statements can motivate you to let yourself feel the opportunity of move whether in your lounge room or on the move floor.â Alice Abrams In life as in move: beauty coasts on rankled feet. Albert Einstein Artists are competitors of God. Voltaire Allow us to peruse and allow us to move, two entertainments that will never do any mischief to the world. Jerome Robbins Move resembles life, it exists as youre fluttering through it, and when its over, its done. Martha Graham Move is the concealed language of the spirit. Maya Angelou Everything known to man has cadence. Everything moves. George Carlin The individuals what dance's identity is viewed as crazy by the individuals who cannot hear the music. Friedrich Nietzsche He who might figure out how to fly one day should initially figure out how to stand and walk and run and climb and move; one can't fly into flying. Vince Lombardi The great Lord gave you a body that can stand most anything. Its your psyche you need to persuade. Ginger Rogers I do everything the man does, just in reverse and in high heels! Edward Lear What's more, connected at the hip, on the edge of the sand, they moved by the light of the moon. Oprah Winfrey Consistently carries an opportunity for you to attract a breath, kick off your shoes and move. Merce Cunningham You need to adore moving to adhere to it. It gives you nothing back, no original copies to store away, no works of art to appear on dividers and possibly hang in historical centers, no sonnets to be printed and sold, only that solitary temporary second when you feel invigorated. Agnes de Mille To move is to be out of yourself. Bigger, increasingly lovely, progressively amazing. This is power, it is magnificence on Earth, and it is yours for the taking. Martha Graham No one wants to think about it on the off chance that you cannot move well. Simply get up and move. Incredible artists are extraordinary on account of their energy.

Evolution of a brand

Presentation Bird has set up itself as the prevailing player of the market from 2007 onwards. Pigeon has substantiated itself as various and solid brand of Unilever as it gives deals worth $2.5 bollion in a year. Bird at first was known as the purifying brand and offers a wide scope of items including face care, body washes, antiperspirant hair care, bar and hostile to perspirants. The report is composed based on the contextual investigation named, Dove: The advancement of a brand. The report speaks to the circumstance investigation for the contextual investigation and furthermore features the basic issues referenced for the situation study. The report examinations the basic issues which are identified with the contextual analysis and in the wake of breaking down the issues the report would give an unmistakable suggestions to the future issues (Deighton, 2008). Circumstance Analysis Bird was presented first in the market of USA as a marvel bar which was propelled in the time of 1957. While beginning its excursion in the USA advertise the brand situated itself as the chemical not as cleanser. In the entirety of its promotions the brand guaranteed that lady should utilize Dove since it doesn't contain any unsafe component of cleanser which makes the skin dry. For the most part, the utilitarian property of the brand was being proposed by the brand by saying that one fourth of the whole bar is purifying cream. Afterward, on the brand the board of Dove understood that also become showbiz royalty the organization ought not limit itself by discussing the useful parts of a brand. To become wildly successful and economical the brand assessed that it ought to be connected with the ladylike angles and in this way to make a nearby relationship with lady the brand worldwide had presented the battle the genuine magnificence. The goal of the brand is to make an interesting sug gestion in the brain of the lady that excellence is an inward attributes and confidence is a significant component to find womans own magnificence (Carter Steiner, 2004). Distinguishing proof, Recognition and avocation of the related basic issues The basic issues which are referenced over the contextual investigation or are recognized from the contextual analysis can be talked about as SWOT examination. Quality: The quality of the brand is the association with the female angles and the situating system of the brand. Bird is not the same as others as it doesn't guarantee itself as a cleanser rather it is centered around the lady care perspectives. The crusades presented by Dove has stressed on assessing the meaning of genuine excellence. The crusades throughput the world has constrained everybody including the men to consider twice in regards to the meaning of magnificence. Pigeon has not invested a lot of energy in promoting their items yet it stresses rather on making confidence among the lady which in a roundabout way upgrades the brand picture of the brand. Shortcoming: Dove can't make its stride in the men section which can be treated as one of its shortcoming. The costs of the crusades are excessively high and the reactions of the battles can influence Dove adversely. Opportunity: In the changing social situation, the interest for individual consideration items both in the men and in the ladies section have been expanded to an enormous degree and expanding the product offering in the men fragment can be another open door for Dove for extending its market. The product offering can likewise incorporate the young lady clients (Deighton, 2008). Danger: The reactions that ascent because of the course of action of the crusades and the promotions can hurt the brand picture of Dove. The excellence which has been shown over various crusades are not related with the standard thought of genuine magnificence which exists in the market. Investigation of the significant issues The missions of Dove through actualizing different battles are to advance the idea of magnificence. The significant issue identified with the excellence crusade is that magnificence originates from different angles with various kinds of sizes and shapes. The battles of Dove have demonstrated that the ads and marking together can work in a superior manner for progressing nicely. The crusades of Dove are only the assessments and experiences of the buyers about excellence. The situating of Dove at first was the cleaning cream and later on it included the saturating component in it. Pigeon has accentuated on the battle since it is a notable wonder that for building a brand it is critical to rely upon the assessment and experiences of the clients. The client based brand value model can be utilized to depict how Dove has effectively utilized the observation around the brand to build up the solid value. The model involves four diverse stage and those are Brand personality which alludes to t he inquiry Who you are, Meaning of the brand which asks what are you, reaction of the brand which alludes the discernment about the brand and Brand Resonance which alludes to the relationship of the clients with the brand. From its presentation in the time of 1950, Dove has exhibited its image value by saying that they are not the cleansers class since, it doesn't hurt the delicate quality of the skin rather it guarantees that it is one sort of purifying cream (Carter Steiner, 2004). Later on while clarifying the importance of the brand Dove has utilized the recommendation saturating and communicates as the saturating smooth bar. Third one is the brand reaction which it accumulates through the game plan of the battles all through the world. The genuine excellence crusade organized by Dove is the most acclaimed and examined battle for lady all through the world. The battles bring about a way that it is demonstrated that Dove is the most best brand by the lady fragment. Fourth one is the Brand Resonance which assists with understanding the association among the brand and the customers. The battles have talked about different parts of the lady confidence. The confidence of the lady can assist with developing the magnificence among the lady. The genuine excellence crusade created by Dove has made another advancement by characterizing the magnificence in another measurement. The review directed by Dove has demonstrated that lone 2% lady of the world sees themselves as delightful however notices and crusades organized by Dove have conveyed the motto that Woman are more lovely than that they consider. Without legitimately advancing the brand name or without promoting the items before the clients the organization has just communicate something specific of social duty. Bird has sent the motto that the magnificence can be accomplished by presenting confidence among the lady and the general public should change its perspective about the excellence (Yang, 2010). Bird is d iverse on the grounds that it has presented an alternate idea in promote its item which is particular from legitimately getting some information about the utilitarian outcomes. Bird has consolidated the declarations of human qualities and makes an association with others. The association or the affiliation which has been created by Dove is extremely solid and competent enough to expand the brand devotion of the lady. The lady who buys the result of Dove feels the relationship as they likewise might suspect similarly like Dove that the general public should change its perspective with respect to magnificence and the internal side and the confidence of the lady should taken into while thinking about excellence (Manca and 1994). The above figure shows the Customer-based brand value model of Dove. Suggestions and conversations of things to come issues 450 Depicting the old matured and chubby lady in the crusades as often as possible can influence the brand picture of the organization as individuals can see it as a brand of fat. For, a considerable lot of the pundits the promotions in the battle have quite recently spoken to the lady in clothing around their homes which has made an off-base effect in the psyche of the purchasers. The battles have concentrated on the ladylike perspectives to an enormous degree yet the crusades don't speak much about the items and marking of Dove (Deighton, 2008). Concentrating more on the cultural issues rather on the items and administrations of the organization can weaken the future deals of the brand. Time to time a brand needs to pull together on its commercial system and Dove isn't unique in relation to it. The confidence thought ought to be isolated from the results of Dove. On the off chance that the customers see that the validness of the crusades are not affirmed then the whole battle can be in fluenced to an enormous degree. The genuine shoppers ought to be included for giving their bits of knowledge particularly to the item use of the specific brand. The ladies section ought to be associated with the various items so that, the deals of a few item variations and classes can be improved to an enormous degree. The meaning of excellence ought to be connected with Dove in various manners by asking the lady clients in regards to how excellent they are looking like in the wake of utilizing the result of Dove(Deighton, 2008). The effectively settled relationship with the brand and the clients can be utilized by presenting the item part of Dove. The future crusades should concentrate on how the utilization of the results of Dove can upgrade the magnificence of the lady. The female angles which have been exhibited through the battles have made the brand overwhelmed in nature as the control in the crusades have been release by Dove and the battles are presenting pointless reactions in the general public. The solid ladylike angles likewise hamper the desire of Dove to snatch the men individual consideration advertise. The individual consideration showcase for the men fragment has been expanded to a huge degree and Dove ought not leave the chance to enter that advertise (Deighton, 2008). End Bird at first stressed on the useful parts of the item by saying that it is a purifying cream which contains one fourth of the saturating. Later on, Dove moved its situating from the useful advantage credit to feel great property. Pigeon built up different battles which advanced the vibe great factor not the usefulness of the item. To demonstrate the validness of the crusade Dove utilizes older and corpulent models for the pur

Teaching Writing When to Quote, Paraphrase, or Summarize

Teaching Writing When to Quote, Paraphrase, or Summarize (2) Students often struggle to integrate sources into their writing. After the difficult process of finding evidence to support their thesis, they face the new challenge of deciding whether to quote, paraphrase, or summarize sources. Before asking students to paraphrase, it’s important to explain what that means. In the simplest terms, paraphrasing is rewording AND rearranging. A common pitfall is rewording without rearranging. This is a classic case of plagiarism: the student replaces a few words with synonyms and calls the writing their own, even though they still have the same ideas in the same order. Students need practice replacing and rearranging before they can be expected to properly paraphrase. Another common misconception is that paraphrased information does not need an MLA  in-text citation. This relates back to the false idea that slight changes make an idea your own and therefore do not require proper credit to the original source. Summarizing is the process of taking a longer work, like a novel or a news article, and condensing it to its main points. It requires the skills of finding the most important parts of a work and then weaving them together to create a concise picture of the whole. Once all of this has been clarified, students are ready to determine whether a source needs to be quoted, paraphrased, or summarized. Below are a few guidelines for students on quoting vs. paraphrasing vs. summarizing. You should quote when… The passage has three or more “keywords” per sentence Keywords include names, dates, places, technical terminology and other words that cannot be replaced with synonyms. (The number three is there to provide a  specific guideline; it’s certainly possible that there will be exceptions to this “rule.”) Specific evidence is required Directly quoting from a book or poem is often a rubric requirement. Even when it’s not, it often helps prove a writer’s point. Try explaining it to your students like this: If you’re trying to show how a character is characterized, for example, strong evidence could be the character’s own words or thoughts. Instead of describing how the character thinks or speaks, using a quote will show it. This allows your audience to think for themselves and assess your point instead of taking your word for it. You should paraphrase when… The passage is longer than three lines of text Again, three lines is a preference, not a hard-and-fast rule, but it’s a good starting point. Students like to bend rules so it’s  better to start small and let them ask to go over a few words into the fourth line. I remind my students that I want to read their words in their papers. If I wanted to read the source they used, I would click the link in their MLA works cited page and read it for myself. You already have two quotations in a paragraph Too many direct quotations make a paragraph choppy and hard to follow. Students need to introduce and explain all their quotations, so paragraphs can get very long if they contain too many quotations. Paraphrasing wraps the evidence up with its introduction, leaving more room for analysis. You should summarize when You’re introducing a quote Summarizing what is happening in the scene before quoting a piece of evidence is essential in order to contextualize the quote. This may seem obvious, but many students don’t consider that their audience may not have read the book they’re discussing. This is especially true for my classes that read independent, free-choice novels. I usually haven’t read the books they choose, so I won’t understand their point if they don’t give me a little background. This can also be effective if a point covers multiple scenes in a novel. Rather than quoting each individual instance, the student can summarize the plot at a few crucial points to pull together a cohesive point. You’re integrating many sources in a longer paper or presentation In a longer paper, like a senior thesis, it adds credibility (and length) to explain where the information came from. I encourage students to look up the author and explain his or her credentials for the same reason. You can also have students create an MLA  annotated bibliography to practice this skill. As I mentioned, these are not ironclad rules. Writing is an art and sometimes it’s necessary to break the rules for a particular effect. However, these guidelines will  provide a starting point for developing writers while helping students understand why it’s important to choose their method of integrating sources with purpose.

What Is Ipd ( Integrated Project Delivery - 1171 Words

What is IPD (Integrated Project Delivery)? The American Institute of Architects (AIA) currently defines IPD as a project delivery method that integrates people, systems, business structures and practices into a process that collaboratively harnesses the talents and insights of all participants to reduce waste and optimize efficiency through all phases of design, fabrication and construction (Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia 2015). . Over time, businesses are adopting the integrated project delivery and project partnering in place of traditional delivery methods. Adopting integrated project delivery methods are advantageous since they help reduce costs, do away with waste as well as improving productivity hence positive project outcomes (Burcin Karen, 2010). IPD works in a way such as all team members integrate with each other. For instance, the owner, construction manager, architect, engineers, subcontractors, and even technical vendors work together. IPD is an effective tool because it involves all team members who work collaboratively to ensure the success of the project. In the construction industry, IPD goes hand in hand with BIM. The alignment of the software BIM is leading the path for collaboration and the merging of all facets of project delivery – architectural, engineering, mechanical, construction, costing, programming, and life cycle management. The ability to unite all facets of the design and construction into a shared model is beneficial from numerousShow MoreRelatedThe American Institute Of Architects1307 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is IPD (Integrated Project Delivery) as it applies to construction? Generally speaking here is how it works: IPD is a process where a team of everyone involved in the project gets together and create a plan then continue to be involved to see it through completion. The team is bound together by contract legally and stands to gain or lose financially as a whole by the outcome of the project. 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Email: sbaskaran90@tamu.edu Phone: 480.438.2721 Abstract: The productivity decline in the construction industry in recent years is mainly due to the schedule and cost overruns, poor coordination between the project participants and ineffective planning. Integrated project delivery (IPD) solvesRead MoreProject Management : Development Appraisal And Economics3568 Words   |  15 PagesBSC (HONS.) IN CONSTRUCTION PROJECT MANAGEMENT Construction Procurement Advisement SMRC Corporation, New Research Facility, Sligo Ireland G2 Consultants G.J. GERARD S00135023 12/1/2014 Module: Development Appraisal and Economics Lecturer: Leigh McLoughlin The purpose of this report is to summarize and analyze the various construction procurement methods used in the construction industry. This report was commissioned by SMRC medical research corporation. 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NEC 3 suite of contracts, JCT Constructing Excellence Contract (JCT CE), ACE PPC 2000 and CIOB Complex Construction Contract 2013 are few standard construction contracts which contain collaborativeRead MoreCompany Analysis : Ryan Company1449 Words   |  6 Pagesspecializes in integrated project delivery, building information modeling (BIM), Lean construction practices and sustainable design for office, retail, industrial, public sector, alternative ener gy (biomass and gasification,[2] wind, solar), health care, higher education, hospitality, mission critical, multi-family and senior housing and mixed-use projects. With in-house construction, design, development, capital markets and real estate management, Ryan uses integrated project delivery (IPD) as a preferred

Biography of Howard Hughes, Businessman and Aviator

Howard Hughes (December 24, 1905–April 5, 1976) was an American businessman, movie producer, aviator, and philanthropist. Over the course of his life, he amassed a fortune of $1.5 billion. Though Hughes had many accomplishments in his professional career, he is now best remembered for his final years as an eccentric recluse. Fast Facts: Howard Hughes Known For: Hughes was a businessman, film producer, and aviator known for his immense wealth and eccentric lifestyle.Also Known As: Howard Robard Hughes Jr.Born: December 24, 1905 in Humble or Houston, TexasParents: Howard R. Hughes Sr. and Allene Stone GanoDied: April 5, 1976 in Houston, TexasEducation: California Institute of Technology, Rice UniversityAwards and Honors: Congressional Gold Medal, International Air Space Hall of FameSpouse(s): Ella Rice (m. 1925–1929), Jean Peters (m. 1957–1971) Early Life Howard Hughes was born in either Humble or Houston, Texas, on December 24, 1905. Hughes father, Howard Hughes Sr., made his fortune by designing a drill bit that could penetrate hard rock. Prior to this invention, oil drillers werent able to reach the large pockets of oil lying beneath such rock. Howard Hughes Sr. and a colleague established the Sharp-Hughes Tool Company, which held the patent for the new drill bit, manufactured it, and leased it to oil companies. Though he grew up in a wealthy household, Howard Hughes Jr. had difficulty focusing on his studies and changed schools often. Rather than sitting in a classroom, Hughes preferred to learn by tinkering with mechanical things. For instance, when his mother forbade him from having a motorcycle, he built one himself by assembling a motor and adding it to his bicycle. Hughes was a loner in his youth. With one notable exception, he never really had any friends. Family Tragedy and Inheritance When Hughes was just 16 years old, his doting mother passed away. Then, not even two years later, his father suddenly died. Howard Hughes received 75 percent of his fathers million-dollar estate (the other 25 percent went to relatives). Hughes immediately disagreed with his relatives over the running of Hughes Tool Company, but being only 18 years old, Hughes could not do anything about it. He would not legally be considered an adult until he reached the age of 21. Frustrated but determined, Hughes went to court and got a judge to grant him legal adulthood. He then bought out his relatives shares of the company. At age 19, Hughes became the full owner of the company. That same year he married Ella Rice, his first wife. Film Production In 1925, Hughes and his wife decided to move to Hollywood and spend some time with Hughes uncle Rupert, who was a screenwriter. Hughes quickly became enchanted with movie making. He jumped right in and produced a film called Swell Hogan. He quickly realized the film wasnt good, however, and never released it. Hughes learned from his mistakes and continued making films. Two Arabian Knights, his third film, won an Oscar for Best Comedy Direction in 1929. With this success under his belt, Hughes decided to make an epic about aviation and set to work on Hells Angels, the story of two British pilots set during World War I. The film became Hughes obsession. His wife, tired of being neglected, divorced him. Hughes continued making films and produced more than 25 of them, including Scarface and The Outlaw. Aviation In 1932, Hughes developed a new obsession—aviation. He formed the Hughes Aircraft Company, bought several airplanes, and hired numerous engineers and designers to help him design a faster plane. He spent the rest of the 1930s setting new speed records. He flew around the world in 1938, breaking Wiley Posts record. Though Hughes was given a ticker-tape parade upon his arrival in New York, he was already showing signs of wanting to shun the public spotlight. In 1944, Hughes won a government contract to design a large, flying boat that could carry both people and supplies to the war in Europe. The Hughes H-4 Hercules (also known as the Spruce Goose), the largest plane ever constructed, was flown successfully in 1947 but never flew again. Hughes was involved in several accidents during his aviation career, including one that killed two people and left Hughes with major injuries. A near-fatal crash in 1946 left Hughes with a crushed lung, cracked ribs, and third-degree burns. During his recovery, he enlisted the help of engineers to design a new hospital bed. Reclusion By the mid-1950s, Hughes dislike of being a public figure began to severely affect his life. Though he married actress Jean Peters in 1957, he began avoiding public appearances. He traveled for a bit and in 1966 he moved to Las Vegas, where he holed himself up in the Desert Inn Hotel. When the hotel threatened to evict him, he purchased the hotel. Hughes also bought several other hotels and properties in Las Vegas. For the next several years, hardly a single person saw him. He had become so reclusive that he almost never left his hotel suite. At this time, Hughes was suffering from obsessive-compulsive disorder and germophobia. Death In 1970, Hughes marriage ended and he left Las Vegas. He moved from one country to another and died in 1976 aboard an airplane while traveling from Acapulco, Mexico, to Houston, Texas. Hughes had become such a hermit in his final years—and his physical health had so deteriorated—that no one was quite sure it was he who had died, so the Treasury Department had to use fingerprints to confirm his death. Legacy Hughes is perhaps best remembered for his contributions to the American film industry and for his eccentric behavior. His film archive—a collection of over 200 works—is now part of the Academy Film Archive. Hughes life has been the subject of numerous films, including The Amazing Howard Hughes, Melvin and Howard, and The Aviator. Sources Bartlett, Donald L., and James B. Steele.  Empire: The Life, Legend, and Madness of Howard Hughes. W.W. Norton, 1980.Higham, Charles.  Howard Hughes: The Secret Life. Virgin, 2011.

Walgreens structure Free Essays

Walgreen has faced over the past two years are changing their brand and the process needed to make that change. We can see that Walgreen has made some good decisions over the years . This is evident by the fact that there are still many Walgreen stores across the country and they are continuing to build new ones every year. We will write a custom essay sample on Walgreens structure or any similar topic only for you Order Now If we take a look into how they made such crucial decisions we will find them using good decision making techniques such as predetermination’s evidence, and good old fashioned Intuition. The first element we can find within Walgreen decision making process Is rainstorm. We can see that before changing the brand from old to new the mangers In the higher ranks of the corporation all got together and started throwing out Ideas. They did some research and based upon fact they made educated guesses on what may work and what probably would not work. The managers of Walgreen TLD a fantastic Job with their research and brainstorming. Walgreen wanted to stand out among their competition so In order to do that they had to know what the competitor was doing. It seemed the competitor was not much different from Walgreen. This is where we see the brainstorming really become effective. The managers began to come up with ideas on how to make the stores an experience instead of just a cash and carry drugstore. They really used the tools of good decision making to begin the process of changing the brand for good. Second we can look at the gathering of evidence. Walgreen knew if they were to be different then they had to study their competition. The head honchos did their homework well. They gathered information from research and surveys and listened to the customer needs. They not only listened they decided to take a chance and build their new brand on the customer experience. Now we have seen a company go from a rational model of decision making and step into the new age. They admitted that old manager models were out dated and they were ready to step into a fresh new approach. It is interesting that we see them heading into a very modern direction but using old fashioned decision making techniques to arrive there. Walgreen management team took their job seriously by making sure they followed through with pouring over statistics and studying successful companies with different brands than their own to see what was giving them the success. They decided that it Just had to be the customer service levels and the approach. Surprisingly enough we can also see the big bosses at Walgreen using their Intuition to make the final decision on whether to change the brand or not. They are customers at other places and they take their family and friends out to eat and do different things. When out and about they kept track of what businesses were full and why. If they went out to eat and there was a two hour wait they would pay close attention to why. This process gave them the Intuition, or experience to know what or how a person wants to be treated when they are spending their money with a company. They brought their Intuition to the drawing room and along with good brainstorming and gathering of evidence, the management staff of Walgreen was able to make a good business decision. We sometimes see ethics compromised when decisions are made and Walgreen is not a when they admittedly failed to control the sales of controlled substances in a few of its pharmacies. The effects of this could have ruined the company but lucky for them they were able to pay a hefty fine and shut the door on what could have been an ethical disaster for them. It seems the Federal government agreed to dismiss the ease when the fines were paid. How to cite Walgreens structure, Papers

The Pros and Cons of Negatively Geared Investments Free Sample

Question: Critically analyse the Risks and Returns associated to Negative Gearing from Investment in Definite Assets, Particularly in the Context of Increasingly Volatile Conditions of the Market. Answer: Introduction Background of the topic Negative gearing indicates towards purchase of a particular asset without even receiving adequate earnings from the specific investment to cover the interest expends as well as other associated costs involved in maintaining the same. As rightly indicated by Wood and Kemp (2013), negative gearing can be regarded as a certain form of negative leverage in which a particular investor can borrow money in order to invest. Objective of the report The objective of the current report is to critically analyse the risks and returns associated to negative gearing from investment in definite assets, particularly in the context of increasingly volatile conditions of the market. Summary of the findings Analysis of the findings reveals the fact that in the United Kingdom, negative gearing that leads to loss of earnings of a tax payer, that loss is essentially quarantined. Nevertheless, in cases where the taxpayer owns in excess of one asset, then any kind of loss can essentially be applied against gains of another, that too in the same financial year. However, in case if after the application of the loss, the tax payer remains in a position of net loss for the specific year, then in that case, that particular loss can also be carried forward as well as utilized in the upcoming income years (Grudnoff 2015). Thus, any kind of applied loss can be particularly offset as against the capital gains of the subsequent clearance of the assets. Analysis of the Risks and Return of negatively geared investments As advocated by Davidson and Evans (2015), all kinds of investment have an element of risk. However, there is always a cost associated to the factor of lowering of risk. Thus, it is often said that the lower the risk, the lower is the return. As correctly indicated by Mkumbuzi (2016), the risks that can be associated to negative gearing is that the entire value of the property might not sufficiently increase for covering up the losses. Yet another risk that can be associated to the negatively geared property is that the interest expense might rise. There are several individuals whom have suffered due to both of these two reasons. In addition to this, there are also issues of specific time that is taken to attain capital gains taking into account the uncertainty of attaining the same. As rightly indicated by Fajana and Oduyemi (2016), the bottom line that can be associated with negative gearing is that the investment is incurring a loss, and the ones who are banking on different windfalls can play a very risky game. The very word negative gearing suggests that the income or else the rent cannot essentially cover the costs of interest or in other words expenses of running the particular property. However, the gross earnings generated from the specific investment is lower than the owning cost as well as the cost of management, counting depreciation and the interest charged excluding repayment of capital. As rightly put forward by Wood and Ong (2013), a particular property with positive flow of cash implies that the rental earnings from the specific property can cover all the cost of outgoing cash related to the property. Contrarily, a property with negative flow of cash implies that the rental earnings from the definite property cannot cover up all the cost of the o utgoing cash related to the particular property. Another major risk that can be related to the negative gearing is essentially the legislative risk. Critics are also of the view that negative gearing is a bad thing as this makes it difficult for different first time owners to purchase a property such s home or else investment portfolio. However, this happens mainly because the investors need to compete with diverse offers presented by financiers and there are a few new comers who can compete with particularly seasoned as well as established investors. Furthermore, the things that are not taxed need to be made up by different other earnings, subsequently costing more to all the average (Peel 2016). As indicated by Baum and Crosby (2014), individuals who go for negative gearing essentially bet on bigger capital gain when they can sell all the acquired properties to make up for all the losses on essentially the income side. However, this can be observed as a dangerous scheme in which the risks can remain masked in a specific environment in which prices of the property can remain at high or else low level. On the other hand, Wood et al. (2016) argues that the advantages of negative gearing exist primarily for the financiers that deal with different types of property. However, since the losses from the investments decrease from specific taxable income, payment of taxes are comparatively less. Whilst there is net loss for a certain period, this too can assist in offsetting the loss until the overall investment develops and becomes something greater or more than the original. Particularly, the association with the taxes is not in all the nations. As correctly indicated by Morley and Thomas (2016), negative gearing occurs at the time when the overall rental earning received is lower than the entire cost involved in purchasing the investment property. This is also often regarded as capital growth properties and particularly the negatively geared investments are anticipated to appreciate in terms of value over a specific period of time. However, this increase is anticipated to outweigh all kinds of financial losses that occur during the short term period. In addition to this, the properties are also usually situated in areas that are closer to all the capital cities that typically performs over a specific long term period. Abeywardhana and Krishanthi (2015) debates that despite different disadvantages there are certain advantages of the negatively geared investments. The advantages can be observed in terms of growth in capital. Geurs and Halden (2015) advocates that the returns from capital are said to outweigh the entire levels of borrowings in addition to costs in order to create wealth for all the investors at sale given that the strategies and arrangement of negative gearing are implemented. Baum and Crosby (2014) suggests that the negatively geared investment schemes also help in affordable investments for tenants owing to the affordability. This can help in securing tenants for a long term period. In addition, negatively geared investments are also less volatile unlike a particular property in a local areas that might depend heavily on specific employment industries to lift up the demand. In this case, the properties heavily depend on varied factors and can be regarded to be less volatile investments. However, critics argue that there are also disadvantages or risks that are attached to the negative gearing. For instance, budgeting is required in order to deliver budget for different ongoing shortfalls at the time when the particular property under consideration is sold against a profit. Furthermore, critics put their view against the negative gearing and advocates that this is not a long term strategy for creation of wealth (Peel 2016). Thus, in case if the circumstan ces alter and a sale becomes obligatory then the sums might not work out desirably. Again, if in case an individual losses a job, then there is need to maintain the costs associated. Thereafter, it becomes necessary to build a plan that can ensure that the individuals are entirely prepared. For example, protection of income long with insurance policies (Mkumbuzi 2016). Numerical Example A numerical example can help in further explaining the negatively geared investment and help in correctly appraising the same. For instance, there is purchase of an investment property and the purchased property is situated in an area of high growth and stable area where essentially properties are rented at an affordable price owing to higher availability of different rental properties in the specific area. Let us consider, the property is rented to tenants against a rental return of around $425 every week. However, the cost of repayments for the specific property that includes repayments of loans, management of property, fees and rates amounts to $440 each week. Thus, after all expends it can be observed that the rental income generated from the property does not cover the entire cost of repayment and there is a shortfall of around -$15 every week. Thus, in this particular situation, it can be said that the property is negatively geared. Another example of negative gearing, suppose a property is purchased for $300000 and $250000 is borrowed for financing the project at a interest rate of 8% along with weekly rent of $300. Other ongoing costs comprise of fee of then agents that is around 8.5% of all specific rents, rates, repairs, maintenance as well as insurance. This suggests that the net income for the entire year can be $14274 obtained by deducting $1326 from $15600 that is equal to a net yield of rental of 4.75%. Conclusion The above mentioned helps in comprehensive understanding regarding the pros and cons of negatively geared investments. The current segment explicates the fact that the negatively geared investments are anticipated to generate higher profits only by means of capital gains. In addition to this, there remains no assurance as regards the value of particular property that can appreciate during the time period of holding that in turn can cover up for the losses. In this regard, it can be said that the gearing policy can increase gains and at the same time can amplify the figure of losses in case if the property price falls that is in volatile market conditions. This in turn can lead to increase in the loan balance in comparison to the value of the property. References Abeywardhana, Y. and Krishanthi, D., 2015. Capital Structure and Profitability: An Empirical Analysis of SMEs in the UK.Browser Download This Paper. Baum, A.E. and Crosby, N., 2014.Property investment appraisal. John Wiley Sons. Davidson, P. and Evans, R., 2015. Fuel on the fire: Negative gearing, capital gains tax housing affordability.ACOSS Papers, p.29. Fajana, O.S. and Oduyemi, O., 2016. Is Opportunistic Investing Rewarding?A Study of United Kingdom Unlisted Funds. Geurs, K. and Halden, D., 2015. 30 Accessibility: theory and practice in the Netherlands and UK.International Handbook on Transport and Development, p.459. Grudnoff, M., 2015. Top gears: How negative gearing and the capital gains tax discount benefit the top 10 per cent and drive up house prices. Mkumbuzi, W.P., 2016. Influence of intellectual capital investment, risk, industry membership and corporate governance mechanisms on the voluntary disclosure of intellectual capital by UK listed companies.Asian Social Science,12(1), p.42. Morley, B. and Thomas, D., 2016. An Empirical Analysis of UK House Price Risk Variation by Property Type.Review of Economics and Finance. Peel, M.J., 2016. Owner-Managed UK Corporate Start-Ups: An Exploratory Study of Financing and Failure.Entrepreneurship Research Journal,6(4), pp.345-367. Wood, G., Ong, R. and Cigdem, M., 2016. Housing Tax Reform: Is There a Way Forward?.Economic Papers: A journal of applied economics and policy,35(4), pp.332-346. Wood, G.A. and Kemp, P.A., 2013. The taxation of Australian landlords: Would the British tax treatment of rental investments increase tax burdens if introduced in Australia?.Urban Studies,40(4), pp.747-765. Wood, G.A. and Ong, R., 2013. When and why do landlords retain property investments?.Urban Studies, p.0042098013484544.

Harassment in the Workplace Essay Example

Harassment in the Workplace Paper Journal of Academic and Business Ethics Sex, harassment and the workplace Cliff Fisher Purdue university Abstract Last year, high profile individuals, such as presidential candidate Herman Cain, former MIFF chief Dominique Strauss Kahn, and Weeklies founder Julian Ganges, Strauss-Kahn, made major media coverage, because of alleged issues relating to SEX. Now that I have your attention, this paper targets sexual harassment, therefore we will not be dealing with notion, Strauss-Khans alleged sexual abuse charge, nor Julian Gangues sexual assault charges. Khans The focus Is on sexual harassment, not to commit violations of Title VII of the CIVIC Call Rights Act of 1964 and Its amendments, but to help educate employers, In order to prevent these costly legal actions and payment of damages, or If they cannot be prevented, then to reduce the exposure Involving actions that might not have been preventable. The Civil Rights Act and its amendments do not require a general civility code on employers, nor does it require a utopian work environment, but it does require that employees not be sexually harassed, with one exception. Dealing with the based on ewe element requiring that the harassment that occurred because of the complainants ex gender, and did not occur to members of the opposite sex. Steiner V. Showboat Operating Co. , and Harris v. We will write a custom essay sample on Harassment in the Workplace specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Harassment in the Workplace specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Harassment in the Workplace specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Forklift Systems Inc. Both deal with this issue. This Issue is evident In Harris, when the president of Forklift Systems Is found to have made comments to female employees, often In front of others, regarding their appearance and their Intelligence; In one Instance, he called an employee a dumb ass woman, and in another situation, he suggest that a female employee and he go to the Holiday Inn to other goatee your raise. The president also asked only female employees to retrieve coins from his front pants pocket, and threw objects on the ground in front of the women and asked them to pick them up. He made no such requests of male employees. This paper also deals with quid pro quo tangible employment action issues and a hostile work environment, which includes constructive discharge. The theory of vicarious liability under agency relation legal standard will indicate why and how TTY agency-relation employers can be liable for actions of their employees, In addition, the allowably of employers for actions of customers for sexual harassment will be covered. Keywords: Sexual Harassment, Ministerial Exception, International Defense segments, INTRODUCTION have your attention, this paper targets sexual harassment; therefore, we will not be dealing with Strauss-Khans alleged sexual abuse charge, nor Julian Gangues sexual assault Khans charges. The focus is on sexual harassment, not to commit violations of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and its amendments, but to help educate employers, in order to prevent these costly legal actions and payment of damages, or if they cannot be reverted, then to reduce the exposure involving actions that might not have been duce EXECUTIVE ORDER 10925 President John F. Kennedy in 1961 signed Executive Order 10925 requiring government contractors to take affirmative action to ensure that employees are try treated during employment, without regard to their race, creed, color or national origin. On June 19, 1963, five months before his assassination President Kennedy submitted a bill to Congress, which was signed into law on July 2, 1964, and is known as Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. One of the more interesting elements is that neither the Executive Order nor the proposed Civil Rights bill included the word sex, and attention is not intended to be drawn to the allegations of extra marital activities of the former activities president, in regard to why he didnt include sex. The term sex was added as a last last-ditch effort by opponents of the statute to thwart the passage of the Act. Sex as a basis of discrimination was added as a floor amendment one day beef the before 2 House approved Title VI, without prior hearing or debate. The bill quickly passed as amended and we are left with little legislative history to guide us in interpreting the Acts prohibition against discrimination based on sex. 3 The word sex in Title VII is where the EEOC in 1980 created the l egal rational to form the Sex Discrimination Guidelines in dealing with sexual harassment in the workplace. Title VII says nothing about sexual harassment, but the Supreme Court in Grids indicated that EEOC guidelines should be shown great deference by the courts. 4 The guidelines define sexual harassment as follows: Unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature constitute sexual harassment when (1) submission to such harassment employment, (2) submission to or rejection of such conduct by an individual is used as the basis for employment decisions affecting such individual, or (3) such conduct has the such Ulnae v. Eastern Airlines, Inc. , 742 F. Ad 1081, 1084 (1984). Holloway v. Arthur Andersen co. , 566 F. Ad 659, 662 (1977). 3 Mentor savings sank v. Vinson, 477 US. 57, 64 (1986). 4 Grids v. Duke power co. , 401 U. S. 424,433 433-434 (1971). Sex, harassment and the workplace, Page 2 purpose or effect of unreasonably interfering with an individuals work performance or creating an intimidating, hostile, or offensive working environment. 5 What happens if the harasser subjects both men and women to the same sexual women harassment? This would be the equal opportunity harasser. Courts often conclude that because both men and women are victimized, the harassment does not disadvantage members of one sex relative to the other, therefore it is not discrimination based on sex. Discrimination In Lack v. Wall-Mart, the court stated that the supervisor was Just an indiscriminately Mart, vulgar and offensive supervisor, obnoxious to men and women alike. 6 The Civil Rights Act and its amendments do not require that employees be treated in ways hat are thought of as being appropriate. Employers can be demanding, tactless, crude, mean, and irritating. This is an unfortunate fact of life, in which the law does not require a general civility code on employers, nor does it require a utopian work environment, but it does require that employees not be sexually harassed, with a few exceptions. Dealing with the based on sex element requires that the harassment that occurred be due to the complainants gender, and did not occur to members of the members opposite sex. The Supreme Court case, Harris v. Forklift Systems Inc. , dealt with this issue, when the president of Forklift Systems is found to have made comments to female employees, often in front of others, regarding their appearance and their intelligence; in their one instance, he called an employee a dumb ass woman, and in another situation, he suggest that a female employee and he go to the Holiday Inn to negotiate your raise. The president also asked only female employees to retrieve coins from his front pants coins pocket, and only threw objects on the ground in front of the women and asked them men had been demeaned and equally abused this would not have been a violation of he Civil Rights Act, even if a hostile work environment was created. 8 Harassment must be discriminatory, not merely abusive or inappropriate to be protected under the Civil Rights Act. Bullying or abuse in the workplace that is not discriminatory under the Civil Rights Act, still might be actionable under civil claims minatory and/or criminal charges for assault, battery, intentional infliction of emotional distress, and other actions. There are two kinds of sexual harassment protected under the Civil Rights Act. They are quid pro quo and hostile work environment. Quid pro quo means something for meeting or something given or received for something else. Burlington Industries v. Alert, the Supreme Court held employers vicariously liable under agency law principles for the harassment by a supervisor who has authority over the sexually harassed employee. 9 Quid pro quo relates to tangible employment action regarding sexual harassment involving situations where a supervisor or individual with authority over the subordinate with has taken significant adverse tangible employment action, such as discharge, demotion, or an undesirable reassignment against a subordinate employee for the employees refusal 5 9 C. F. R. , Chi. XIV, part 1604. 11 (1980), 1629 C. F. R. Part 51604. [emailprotected]) (200 (2008). Lack v. Wall-Mart, 240 F. Ad 255, 262 (2001). 7 Harness v. Forklift system, 510 U. S. 17 (1993). 8 sterner v. Showboat operating co. , 25 F. Ad 1459 (1994). 9 Burlington Industries v. Alert, 524 U. S. 742, 758 (1998). 6 Sex, harassment and the workplace, Page 3 to submit to the supervisors or individual with authority demand for sexual favors. With There are no affirmative defenses available to the employer for tangible employment action cases. Pease v. Alfred Photo Industries, Inc. Indicated that the following five elements must exist for the plaintiff to successfully prove quid pr quo harassment: (1 . ) Plaintiff is a member of a protected class; Plaintiff was subjected to unwelcome sexual harassment in the form of sexual advances or requests for sexual favors from a supervisor or individual with authority (3. ) Harassment complained of was based on sex; Submission to the unwelcome advances was an e xpress or implied condition for receiving some form of Job benefits, or refusal to submit to sexual demands resulted in a tangible Job detriment; and (5. ) Employer knew or should have known of the harassment. 10 player The distinction between quid pro quo and a hostile work environment regarding sexual harassment is important for determining employer liability. Hostile work environment is broader than quid pro quo and does not require an adverse tangible and employment action against the employee. The harassment can be caused by a supervisor, fellow employee, or a third party, such as a customer, vendor or stalker, if the employer knew or should have known of the harassing conduct and failed to take appropriate harassing corrective action. How hostile must the workplace become before the law is violated? In the Merits U. S. Supreme Court case, the court held that for sexual harassment to be actionable, no tangible Job detriment was necessary, but that the hostile work detriment environment harassment must be unwelcome conduct and it must be sufficiently severe or pervasive to alter the conditions of employees employment and create an abusive work environment. 11 Conduct that unreasonably interferes with an employees work performance reaches an actionable hostile work environment more quickly than mere offensive utterances, as does physically threatening conduct. 12 Whether the offensive activity has occurred in Louisiana, which is the 5th Federal District, or in Indiana, which is the 7th Federal District, the Courts have indicated that common sense and context must apply before courts and Juries in determining whether the conduct is severely hostile and abusive. 13 The employer can raise affirmative defenses, if there is no tangible loss from a hostile work environment involving sexual harassment. The defenses are as follows: (1 . ) the employer exercised reasonable care to prevent and promptly correct any sexually harassing behavior at its workplace and the plaintiff employee unreasonably failed to take 10 Pease v. Alfred Photo Industries, I Inc. , 667 F. Soup. 1188 (1987). Mentor v. Vinson, 477 US. 57 (1986). 12 13 Indent v. Freeman Decorating, Inc. , 164 F. Ad 258 (1999); Patty v. Family Health System, Inc. , 280 F. Ad 749 (2002). 11 Sex, harassment and the workplace, Page 4 advantage of corrective or preventive opportunities provided by the employer or to avoid harm otherwise. 14 The existence of an employer sexual harassment policy and notification employer procedures will aid the employer in proving an affirmative defense in hostile environment cases. Another defense is that the employer has less than 15 employees. The numerously acquirement goes to the merits of the case, and the employer must raise this defense at the beginning of the case, or the employer is deemed to have waived this defense to liability. 15 A third and creative defense for sexual harassment might be to use the ministerial exception rooted in the First Amendment. The ministerial exception allows religious employers to avoid liability for discrimination when making employment decisions concerning employees who qualify as ministers. 16 The ministerial exception defense was used in Hosanna-Tabor Evangelical Lutheran Church and School v. Equal Employment or Opportunity Commission, which was a Supreme Court case decided January 1 1 , 2012, involved a lawsuit under the American with Disability Act. The Court recognized that the ministerial exception, grounded in the First Amendment, precluded application of employment discrimination legislation to claims concerning the employment relationship involving the ministerial exception. If the government were to interfere with the employment decision of the church, the First Amendment rights under the Establishment Clause could also be in violation. In the recently decided Supreme Court case, Hosanna Tabor Evangelical Lutheran Church and School v. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, Cheryl Perish, an employee and teacher, brought a claim against Hosanna Tabor. After being deign diagnosed with narcolepsy, Perish began the 2004 2005 school year on disability. When she tried to 2004-2005 return to work in January of 2005, the school reported that they had hired another teacher to fill her position. Refusing to resign from her position, Perish threatened legal action threatened insubordinate and disruptive behavior along with damage done to her working relationship. Perish, along with the EEOC, claimed that her termination was in violation of the Americans with Disabilities Act. Under the primary duties test, the Supreme Court ruled in favor of Hosanna Tabor Evangelical Lutheran Church and School stating that the court believes that the ministerial exception bars an employment discrimination suit brought discrimination on behalf of a minister, challenging her churchs decision to fire her. 4 While the ministerial exception relates to employment discrimination pertaining to religious institutions, the 1991 Amendment to the Civil Rights Act of 1964 provides a 1964 defense for employers working in foreign countries. The language of the 1991 Amendment may provide protection for an employer regarding sexually harassment allegations involving its employees. Under the 1991 Amendment: It shall not be unlawful under section 703 or 704 for an employer (or a corporation controlled by an employer), labor organization, employment agency, or Joint labor prearrangement committee controlling apprenticeship or other training or retraining (including on-the-Job training programs) to take any action otherwise prohibited by such inning section, with respect to an employee in a workplace in a foreign country if compliance with such section would cause such employer (or such corporation), such organization, such agency, or such committee to violate the law of the foreign country in which such workplace is located. The above section of the 1991 Amendment forces employers to comply with the laws of the country in which the workplace is located. When operating in progressive and satirized cultures, the clash between culture and legislation may be of little d concern. However, as our globalizes economy expands to include a multitude of nations and culture s, the statutory dynamic is changing. If a company operating in the United States begins a venture in Saudi Arabia, the United employer must abide by the laws of Saudi Arabia. If an American woman was to be assigned to a position at this workplace, she would be subject to Saudi law. While her male counterparts could obtain a license and drive, a female is unable to drive in Saudi license 24 see 17 Sex, harassment and the workplace, Page 6 Arabia. Under EEOC guidelines, this hypothetical company may have committed sexual discrimination under the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Since sexual harassment is based on sexual discrimination, there are all kinds of hypothetical in which a female employee might be sexually harassed because of the clothes she wears or doesnt The 1991 Amendment could provide a defense for t employer. The Continuing the hypothetical, Saudi Arabia adheres to a strict policy of sexual segregation. Under strict Islamic Shari law, women are not allowed to be in the dwelling or in a vehicle with an unrelated man. In one situation, a Saudi Arabian Oman who was raped 14 times consecutively by 7 men was sentenced to 200 lashes and 6 months in Jail, and the crime that the woman committed: entering the vehicle of an unrelated male. In a separate situation, a 75 year old woman was given 40 lashes and 4 months in prison for and 27 letting a young man deliver bread to her dwelling . Under the 1991 Amendment, the guidelines for sexual harassment must abide by the laws of the foreign nation. If a woman from employed by a United States global corporation were to be employed in Saudi Arabia, she would be forced to adhere to the confines of Saudi law. Although he law may constitute sexual harassment by our standards, no penalty may be levied against the employer under the Civil Rights Act. Aside from the international impact, the 1991 Amendment to the Civil Rights Act of 1964 provided codified clarification to the burden of proof required to prove an unlawful employment practice. Under 42 USC S IEEE 2000+2: (m) Impermissible consideration of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin in religion, employment practices. Except as otherwise provided in this title [42 USC IEEE et see. ], an unlawful employment practice is established when the complaining party monstrance that race, color, religion, sex, or national origin was a motivating factor for national any employment practice, even though other factors also motivated the practice. Prior to the 1991 Amendment, it was at the courts discretion to decide whether or not an employment practice was altered through unlawful consideration of race, color, unlawful religion, sex, or national origin. While case law supports the principle that an unlawful consideration need not be the sole factor in altering an employment pra ctice, the burden of proof was unclear. Under the 1991 Name Amendment, the so called mixed-motive dive standard emerged.

Demystifying Multiculturalism essays

Demystifying Multiculturalism essays Response to Demystifying Multiculturalism Multiculturalism is one of the most controversial issues in education, I believe. Not only is it used in education anymore but also used in government, corporate leaders, and even media. Linda Chavezs, Demystifying Multiculturalism best describes how multiculturalism is used in the United States. It describes the ways that people are being judged by the color of the skin. People arrived in the United States that had a different racial or ethnic background; they were thought of as a disadvantage compared to the white American men. Discrimination is the unfair treatment of a person or group on the basis of prejudice. White American people are being discriminated against, because of affirmative action. I agree with her about white people being discriminated against. In the court case, University of California vs. Bakke, Bakke filed a law suite against the University for not allowing him to attend medical school. The university, because of affirmative action, had to accept a certain number of non-white students before accepting any other white students. Bakke scored higher on his test then most of the non-white student, but was not accepted. Bakke was more qualified to enter college but was not admitted. His case won, and he was allowed to attend medical school, but it didnt change the policy of affirmative action. Bakkes case showed that a white student was being discriminated against. Chavez also writes that most of the people are not of full-blood race, and that they are mixed blood. Lots of Hispanics marry non-Hispanic whites, and that is also true of other races. Why do they get almost the same treatment as a true immigrant? We all came from an ancestor that was once an immigrant; so shouldnt we all get the same treatment? The Government spends billions of money on teaching immigrants how to speak the native language i...

Establishing scientific academies and credibility Research Paper

Establishing scientific academies and credibility - Research Paper Example Rhetoric conveying authority Dear’s 1985 account of the establishment of the Royal Society turned on the interplay between rhetoric and authority during this period. He called this period of the emergence of scientific societies between 1650 and 1660 as indicative of the consolidation of the Scientific Revolution. At this time, science practitioners with similar views about scientific inquiry formed groups which â€Å"stand as testimony to a new attitude toward knowledge of nature† (Dear, 1985). The institutionalisation of scientific inquiry was a sign of the changing attitude of society towards the knowledge of nature. The establishment of the Royal Society in particular was the focal point that marked the end of the change process. The new attitude towards the pursuit of natural knowledge was shaped by the disciplines that were established during the Scientific Revolution. The discussion forwards the thesis that early scientific reporting employed rhetoric to convey a uthority pursuant to the convention of the period, which is separate and distinct from the truth discovered in the scientific inquiry itself. ... In his treatise, Dear described a report submitted by Newton in 1666 on a prism experiment, calling it a â€Å"fabrication†. It turned out that the series of experiments were genuine and their results were valid and relevant, but the description of the experiments were cast in a form that made the paper more acceptable for publication. The paper also highlights the contrast between the Old Learning and the New Learning (Rangachari, 1994). The very title of the piece was an ironic play on the motto of the Royal Society. Nullius in Verba was Latin for â€Å"Take nobody’s word for it,† referring to the stringent standards of scientific study. Totius Verba is the opposite, meaning to â€Å"Take everybody’s word for it.† Linguistic style and virtual witnessing. The thesis advanced by Shapin (1984) is that knowledge about reality is shaped by the speech in which such natural reality is couched. The language used is also the key to securing agreement of th e scientific community to the knowledge discovered, and of differentiating the new discoveries from former theories that were accorded mediocre status. Shapin observed that there was a way of communicating that accords a greater credibility to the report than would have otherwise been attributed to it had it been reported in a more regular communicating style. Specific observations were made concerning the effective use of language to convey more than the scientific findings arrived at. For instance, accounts of experiments were replete with rich detail, the purpose of which was to build in the mind of the reader a picture of the execution of an experimental procedure at which they were not physically present to personally witness. Shapin terms this

The Book of Job Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Book of Job - Essay Example This dramatic form also allows the wisdom it seeks to impart to take work dialectically on the reader. I will argue that the wisdom imparted by the Book of Job does not, as it is often argued, support the notion of a moral universe; one that is just but whose justice man can never hope to know. That God appears to Job in the conclusion seems to point against the idea that the author of Job wishes us to understand God as unknowable. Equally, I do not believe that the Book supports a notion of a moral or just God. Quite the opposite, in fact, as it seems to reject the premise that God can be seen in the realm of justice at all. As such, the Lord does not provide an answer to Job's complaint (certainly not in the judicial senses of these words) but merely a rebuff to the notion that he might be called to answer. Equally, Job's repentance is not one based on a greater understanding of the moral framework of his punishment, but merely a bowing to the ultimate power of the Lord's might. Before we analyze the Lord's speeches in the latter part of the book, we must first characterize precisely what Job is complaining of. Job, by his own account, was a pillar of the community he "went to the gate of the city / and took my seat in the public square, / the young men saw me and stepped aside / and the old men rose to their feet" (29:7-8). Job knew the things that were expected of him by virtue and by his God, and he has performed them with diligence and care (see his description in Chapter 31). We are even told that it was considered by the Lord himself that there "is no-one on earth like him; he is blameless and upright, a man who fears God and shuns evil." Indeed, it is precisely Job's inherent goodness that leads him to be singled out for the painful wrath that Satan1, with the Lord's express approval, rains down upon his head. As such, Job's complaint, though it is modulated throughout the thirty or so chapters that take up the central part of the Book, is simply thi s: I am innocent, so why has the Lord treated me so badly These are precisely the terms on which the debate between Job and his three friends, Eliphaz the Temanite, Bildad the Shuhite, and Zophar the Naamathite, take place. Job says is that he is innocent of crimes, therefore he should not be punished. He goes further and seems to suggest that there must be some mistake on the Lord's part, that if he were able to bring his case before the Lord, "he would not press charges against me" (23:6). Job even reaches the extreme (much to his friends amazement and fear) of suggesting that the Lord has absented the realms of justice entirely, "surely God lives, who has denied me justice" (27:2). Though his three friends argue against Job, they do so from the same standpoint, i.e. the Lord's punishment would only be just if he punished the wicked. However, they work from the opposite direction; assuming that the Lord must be just, and therefore, if he is punishing Job, Job must be worthy of punishment. They take the inverse view of the relationship of just punishment to sinful behavior - if a man is as afflicted as Job then "Surely such is the dwelling of an evil man; / such is the place of one who knows not God." There is some evidence in the text that, at the time of writing, this conception of divine justice was the prevalent one. Job even says to his friends admonishments, "Who does not know all these things" I will argue that the Lord's answer to Job overturns such a conception. To

PIA Business and Management Analysis

PIA Business and Management Analysis In 1959, the Government of Pakistan took an initiative of appointing Air Commodore Nur Khan as the M.D (Managing Director) PIA, with his effective approach and visionary leadership, PIA had shown impressive growth and success within a half-decade, acquired the market as one of the leading airlines around the globe. In the history of aviation, this short span of half a decade referred to as the golden era of PIA . The key goals and commitments for new management are development, expansion, and growth and so on by 1960, PIA introduced first Boeing 707 service from London to Karachi and Karachi to Dhaka, proved as a major success. Successful accomplishment resulted in PIA becoming the first Asian Airline to operate jet aircraft, setting examples for the future. In 1961, the airline took an extremely extravagant decision of initiating a cross-Atlantic service from Karachi to New York. PIAs services had carried some over 70,000 passengers during the first year of operation. At times, it was acknowledged as a stellar operation, equal to any other in the world. Due to couple, unfortunate accidents resulted the discontinuation of service in 1966. PIA, in 1962, the wisdom of PIA management. finding the upper winds forecast favorable, PIA set a record of fastest air travel service between London to Karachi in a record time of 6 hours, 43 minutes and 51 seconds, that remains unbroken till date, with the representation of FAI (Federal Aeronaut International). 1964 was another historic year for PIA in terms of achievements and historically acknowledged as a pioneer in the checkered history of the airline. On 29th April, 1964, a Boeing 720B, PIA becomes the first airline from a non-communist country to fly into the Peoples Republic of China. PIAs very first service to Republic of China was from Karachi to Shanghai via Canton. By next year PIA increased number of planes by introducing another Boeing 720B and two more F-27s. As a national institution, PIAs development, had become a serious reality and the PIA team continued to achieve its ambitious plans and goals for the national flag carrier. A system of feeder services linking eight points in West Pakistan was introduced in 1966 at the times the airlines viscount were proving insufficient ownership to fast growth and to be replaced by tridents and the growth curve was on high, adding two F-27s and Boeing 707s following year. In 1964-65 the top slot of PIA was taken over by Air Vice Marshal, Asghar Khan for a tenure of 3 years. The introduction of new uniforms for the air hostesses by a well renowned French designer, Pierre Cardin was the most colorful change, if not the most significant at times of highest attributes that changed the entire aviation industry in terms of crew staff and taken as storm by the world. This inspirational move leave a success mark in the industry for PIA and the new uniform was an instant hit both at home and in abroad. Another achievement of PIA was, to become the first airline to get certification (first/lnitial certification) on SMS(Safety Management System) by CAA Civil Aviation Authority Pakistan. Civil Aviation Authority Air Navigation Order (ANO 91.0032 issued in September 2008) binds all airlines operating in Pakistan to have SMS. It is the privilege of PIA, who first initiated SMS awareness and implementation in July 2008. PIA awarded initial certification on SMS in 27th February 2009 by CAA. PIA installed its first fully functional Engine Overhauling Shop, near the Head Office building, was also completed and commissioned at the same times. The PIA Training Centre previously known as The Ground Training School (GTS) was first conceived and developed during 1961-62. Initially the training was imparted in a T-shaped building which later converted into PIAs dispensary close to the Head Office building. Due to high levels of seemingly growth and visible development both in traffic and revenues in 1960s, PIA installed new equipments, adding new routes and destinations, and new technologies to support its ever-expanding operations. 1968; a new Jet Hangar for Boeing with a supporting airframe overhaul was completed and commissioned and by 1970 come up with PIAs own Flight Kitchen in Karachi, which caters, even today, to the national airline as well as other carriers. Over the years, with the airlines expansion and increased capacity, the need for a second Flight Kitchen became imperative. In early nineties PIA come up with new brighter corporate identity. In changing times PIA introduced much smarter and sportifying looks of 90s, the famous PIA green mixed and reinforced with moss green and pale blue stripes were incorporated into the new corporate identity. It was green and gold livery earlier when it was first formed back in 1974, some old-timers may remember the flutter. PIA shows its diversity by active participation and sponsoring range of national games and PIA players are always show their leading presence in Cricket, Hockey, Football, Squash, Chess, Bridges, Polo and table tennis as the stripes logo shows PIAs active participation and diversity. Early nineties progressed to a vast expansion to HAJJ and UMRAH operations and domestic flight operation to all major cities of Pakistan i.e. Islamabad, Peshawar, Lahore, Quetta, and Karachi. PIA undoubtedly continues its growth and now PIA operates globally, and cover the international destinations spread over 4 continents including all landscapes of domestic operations. As far as PIA is still a pretty young airline; shown some impressive graphical statistics since its foundation in 1955, PIA has indeed, come a long way.

Gates of Fire by Steven Pressfield Essay

I. In Greece the polis of Sparta was the number one military authority for the people and for the time period. There was nothing that the Spartans could not do when it came to war. From the time that Spartan men were born, they were evaluated for their future services to the Spartan society. Each baby was sent to have the ten, ten, one test done on them as explained in the novel, The Gates of Fire by Steven Pressfield. This test was to check and make sure that there were no deformities. If there were the children were killed because they could not help the military, therefore had no purpose in their society as a whole. Sparta was a militarist state. The other helots and Athenians and so on, looked to the Spartans for guidance and often for overall protection during the times of war. Their society as a whole was very separated from the rest of Greece though. For example in the novel when Xeones talks about his dreams to be a Spartan he knows that he would never be recognized, while hi s cousin Diomache wants to be an Athenian she knows that is it possible. One could only call himself a Spartan if he was born of a Spartan in Sparta. The polis also held itself high in importance. In the book, The Gates of Fire Rooster whose mother was a Messenian did not see a need to be honorable to Sparta and protect it either. Rooster would curse it and speak of the gods as if they were nothing. So in the novel Polynikes was going to kill Rooster because there is no need for someone who has no trust and honor for Sparta. The Spartan society was one of a kind. There was no other polis that was quite like Sparta in the matters of how they raised their people. The society had two kings, one military and one religious. They also had the council of elders that helped make decisions. In Pressfields novel Leonidas was the military king of Sparta during the times of the battle of Thermopylae. The polis of Sparta had a system, and overall it worked effectively. The men protected the city, and controlled everything through the council of elders. Then in the times of war when the men were away the women were in control. They took care of the cities everyday matters along with the helots from the surrounding polis. The mens duty to the country was to serve. In fact the  last paragraph of the novel does an excellent job in showing this by stating, Tell the Spartans, stranger passing by, that here obedient to their laws we lie. This was referencing the fact that the 300 Spartans died as they were told to by their laws and way of life. Overall the polis of Sparta had an effective system. The military worked as it was supposed to, and most other cities and rulers feared the military of Sparta. The polis also had an effective trade and governing system overall. The women and helots more often than not dealt with the everyday trade and intercity dealings. The council of elders also was effective in governing the city. II. From the beginning of life perfection was the aim and the only way for Spartans. When the children had any imperfection they were either killed or adopted by the helots surrounding the Spartan polis. The men were put up to some of the toughest tests at extremely young ages. At the age of seven they were put into the agoge for their military training. This would prepare them for the military life that they would eventually lead. Pressfields novel explains some of the tests that these young boys were expected to perform. Xeones speaks of the pushing of the tree, in which the boys are expected to push down a huge, old tree with just their muscle and force. This is known to be quite impossible, yet it prepares them for the force needed to fight later on in life. These young boys had to enter this agoge. It was part of growing up in Sparta. They would also have to fight other boys about their age in fist of fist battles as Xeones and Alexandros have to do. The Spartan boys were expected to fight until they could not fight anymore. After these ring fights the boys would also often be whipped until their spines and muscles would show. The boys could tell them to stop, but this would show weakness, so they often would take the beatings until they passed out. This may have seemed harsh and often it was, but this training was what produced the strong military men that Sparta deeply depended on to keep its title as the military power house. Throughout the novel it shows Xeones struggle to be accepted as a Spartan man. This was his dream his entire life, because as  his friend Bruxieus stated, other cities produce monuments and poetry, Sparta produces men.Then men continued to serve in the military until they were thirty years old, when they were finally pardoned of their military duties. The elders in Sparta were upon the most honored citizens. Their age and wisdom were respected more than anyone else. In the novel Xeones honors Bruxieus as he should. Even though Bruxieus is only a slave, with many handicaps that hold him back, Xeones looks past all of this. He sees the knowledge and love that he offers to him and his cousin Diomache in their time of most need. Bruxieus guides and takes care of the children after their town is attacked and their parents and farms are destroyed. So when Bruxieus died Xeones kept his promise that he would go to Sparta and become a Spartan. The women of Sparta were unlike any women from the surrounding areas. The women of Sparta were allowed to be educated, dress as they pleased, exercise and work out, and did many of the tasks that the men did. This exercised the Spartan belief that a man was only as strong as the women that he was born of. The women were not considered equal with the men though. There were many examples of this is Pressfields novel. One being the fact that when Diomache was raped by the military men they told her it was nothing personal, but not to come back because it would happen again. Also it is seen in the fact that women such as Arete though strong in her overall beliefs and her speech she was only this way in the seclusion of her own dwelling. She often would talk to Xeones about personal matters or questions and she would state her opinion, but again this was in the privacy of her own home. Though women were restricted in their power as a gender, they were also greatly respected by the honorable men in their society. This was greatly explored when Dienekes was asking the question of what is the opposite of fear. Dienekes then states, Perhaps the god we seek is not a god at all, but a goddess. He goes on to state that women have more courage and less fear than the men themselves because of all they give to society, such as childbirth. They go on to later state that the opposite of fear is love, which the women show constantly. III.Pressfields novel explores the everyday lives of the Spartan at the time of the battle of Thermopylae. The frame story is a perfect way to tell Xeones story. The first chapter explores Xeones waking up after the battle of Thermopylae and slowly realizing the situation that has occurred. The novel starts out tell the life story of Xeones and how he ended up in the predicament that he did. Pressfield does an amazing job telling the history of Sparta through a personal story. The themes of war, love, society, and spirituality were explored and related to the history aspect of the book. When Xeones starts off his story as a child, the novel shows the harsh side of war. It is one thing for the soldiers themselves to be injured; it is another for a child to see his family and polis destroyed right before his own eyes. Xeones and Diomache then have to forage in the wilderness with Bruxieus, a slave of Xeones that also survived the attack on their polis. The brutality of war and the life Xeones had to live is explored throughout the next few chapters of the novel. The harshest was the rape of Diomache and the internal battle Xeones faces with himself. After being caught stealing his hands are nailed to a board, and Xeones believes they are ruined forever. Eventually he returns to Diomache and Bruxieus, yet he runs off to let himself die because he believes he will never be a Spartan now with his disability. At this point in the novel the spirituality of the time is seen. Xeones sees Apollo the archer who guides him to his chosen career by the gods. Love is seen throughout the entire novel as Xeones craves for his cousins love and acceptance. In the beginning she tells him that he would never be man enough for her to marry and that he is only a silly boy. Yet, throughout the book he seeks her and she could then see in the temple in Athens the real man that her cousin Xeones had become. He was a Spartan, and was a man. Though he loves Diomache and later it is seen she felt the same they both had children and a spouse that came first, before true love. Arete also speaks on the matter and difference of love and marriage to a Spartan when Xeones talks privately with her. She states that she always loved Dienekes even when she was married to Iatrokles his brother. Yet, the society deems arranged marriages more important than the love felt between two people. The battle of Thermopylae was brutal, and heart wrenching. Though only explained through words in this book the blood spill was so life like. The men of Sparta spent days upon days fighting Xerxes men, trying to keep their polis free. The saddest part was the fact that they were fighting so hard, knowing the whole time that they were fighting to just eventually die. They knew they would never again see the site of Sparta or the faces of their children or wives ever again. Yet, that was what kept them going; the love for their country and families and the hope that it would remain free for them and the future generations. So though Thermopylae was a battle of warfare and fighting, it was also a story of the Spartans fighting for what they loved and what they respected. So though the book as a whole focuses on the battle of Thermopylae, it also explores the Spartan society through the eyes of Xeones. He always loved the Spartans and their ways of life. The Spartans were war; it defined them and separated them as a polis. Xeones spent his entire life to become one of these elite men, and eventually through death did so. He died serving the polis that he wanted so bad to become a part of. Yet, through his death he did so. He served the polis and protected his people, and in the end Xeones dream came true, he was honored and named a true Spartan citizen.

Corporate Culture at Apple

Corporate Culture at Apple Apple has a very secretive corporate culture. Often employees will choose not to speak out about apple until they are no longer employed there. Apple goes to greater lengths than any other company in the valley to protect its creative and intellectual environment. Apple’s security policy extends to blogs, speaking engagements, and even what people talk about with spouses. Most employees get the policies and respect them as well.The New York times reported that the company’s veil of secrecy began to take shape around the release og the original Macintosh back in 1984. Employees working on secret projects at Apple have to pass through a maze of security doors, swiping their badges again and again and finally entering a numeric code to reach their offices. Once inside the top secret areas, employees are often monitored by surveillance cameras as they work. Those working on more sensitive projects are allegedly instructed to â€Å"cover up device s with black cloaks when they are working on them. A former Apple marketing manager described the company’s â€Å"controlled leaks,† whick he said the company sometimes relies upon to gauge public reaction, confuse competitors, or encourage partners. I also came across an article where the former CEO of Apple’s big Israel acquisition Anobit shares his experiences of Apple culture. Ariel Maislos said â€Å"They say that Intel is full of paranoids, but at Apple, ‘they’ really are after you. † He worked at Apple for about a year after Apple acquired Anobit in December 2011.Maislos left Apple for what was said to be personal reasons. Maislos was also very familiar with Intel’s culture as well. While Intel engineers are given assignments and are rewarded for ingenuity and creativity, he said it’s a given at Apple that engineers will be at the top of their game. He said â€Å"At Apple, you have to run ahead just to stay in place, and there are very high expectations of everyone. Apple expects everything to be amazing. †

Symbolism Of The Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald

Katelun Hamman English 11 B Mrs. Van Deuren February 1, 2015 Symbolism â€Å"The Great Gatsby† written by F. Scott Fitzgerald takes place during the roaring 20’s, an especially great time for the wealthy. Symbolism is used thoroughly throughout the book to allow us to see how differently people see things and how we are affected by certain things that are out of our control. The color green is used to make us aware of money, wealth, even the future such as the green light at the end of Daisy’s dock. Here it symbolizes the future that Gatsby hopes to resume with Daisy. The Valley of Ashes symbolizes the desperation of the lower class, and the eyes of Dr. T. J. Eckleberg, the eyes of â€Å"God†, symbolizes the fact that there is someone watching and judging all that happens. It was a very desperate time. The color green has many significant meanings in the story, the most important being money, wealth and the future. The roaring 20’s was all about extravagance, living in mansions, having the most expensive autos, boats, artwork, and parties. It wa a time when anyone who was sharp could attain wealth. The only difference being the separation of the old money and the new money, and old money did not accept the new moneyed very well. The parties were the most glorious affairs imaginable, and Gatsby achieved all of this through any means he could find, most likely through organized crime, just needing to reach to top anyway he could. Although he had only attended Oxford for five months, aShow MoreRelatedSymbolism Of The Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1440 Words   |  6 Pages Katelyn Sullivan Professor Cahan College Writing (CUL-221624-01X) 30 November 2015 Symbolism in The Great Gatsby The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald is considered one of the greatest American novels ever written. A major aspect of the story is its symbolism, which is depicted through Fitzgerald’s views regarding American society in the 1920’s. Two significant elements of symbolism include, the green light and the eyes of Doctor T.J. Eckleburg. Each component to the storyline isRead MoreSymbolism Of The Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1764 Words   |  8 PagesSymbolism always plays an important role in literature. F. Scott Fitzgerald heavily uses symbolism in the novel The Great Gatsby. Fitzgerald uses specific symbols as a vehicle to drive the main themes throughout the novel. Carelessness of the upper class, false appearances versus reality, and disillusionment of the American dream are all important themes Fitzgerald portrays through his use of symbolism. The use of symbolism throughout the novel The Great Gatsby is key in advancing and uniting theRead MoreSymbolism O f The Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1130 Words   |  5 PagesSymbolism is commonly used in literature to change or deepen meanings or instill a different meaning to the mind of the readers. The reader is forced to think, make connections, and succeed in adding a new meaning to the novel. F. Scott Fitzgerald is a master of hiding deeper meanings behind a text as clearly showcased in the novel The Great Gatsby. The â€Å"iceberg theory† describes that only around 20% of the story is directly revealed through text. In comparison to an actual iceberg, that is usuallyRead MoreSymbolism in The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald1029 Words   |  4 Pages The symbolism of a book can be a great but yet so small as in the form of a color. In the Great Gatsby, minor things have great importance. In the Great Gatsby, F. Scott Fitzgerald made sure to give great importance to minor details like color and objects. While the theme of the story is that anyone can gain the American Dr eam the fast or illegal way but always with a consequence, Fitzgerald put great importance into colors and objects. With the most common colors of green, white and yellow showingRead More Symbolism in The Great Gatsby, written by F. Scott Fitzgerald1628 Words   |  7 PagesSymbolism in The Great Gatsby, written by F. Scott Fitzgerald The Great Gatsby is a classic American novel, written by F. Scott Fitzgerald in 1927 about corruption, murder and life in the 1920’s. The true purpose for a writer to compose any piece of literature is to entertain the reader, and this writer does this to the best of his ability. In this well-crafted tale, Fitzgerald presents a fast moving, exciting story, and to any typical reader it can be enjoyed; however, if the reader takes the timeRead MoreSymbolisms in The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald Essay846 Words   |  4 PagesA few symbolisms in novels are as memorable as the green light in F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby. Shining at the end of Daisy’s dock, it is close enough to be seen, but too far away to be reached. Still, Gatsby, an eternal optimist, stares at it at night, as if it showed him that all his far-away dreams were about to come true. The green light in The Great Gatsby is symbolic of hope, a source of inspiration, and a representation o f the American Dream to Gatsby and to the novel’s readers.Read MoreColors and Symbolism in The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald1290 Words   |  6 PagesSymbolism is the use of symbols to supply things with a representative meaning or to represent something abstract by an existing object. In the novel The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald, colours are used to symbolize a person’s inner thoughts and feelings. Colours, such as green, white are used to find ones true feelings; while others use colours to hide their true persona. Colour symbolism is used to convey a deeper message to the readers and help us understand the characters true colours. Read MoreSymbolism And Symbolism Of The Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald993 Words   |  4 PagesH English 10 December 2012 In every piece of great literature authors use symbols to convey a feeling or thought. The novel, For example, Lord the Flies, William Golding memorably uses a conch shell to represent order and the destruction of order. Or in To Kill a Mockingbird, Harper Lee uses the physical and metaphoric sense of the mockingbird to convey the idea of innocence and the loss of innocence. In The Great Gatsby, F. Scott Fitzgerald employs the use of symbols to enhance a tragic taleRead MoreSymbolism Of The Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1725 Words   |  7 Pagesof names further the motif of geography by using them as symbolism to represent some of the aspects in the American society at the time of the 1920s. East Egg symbolizes those from the old days, the West Egg represent those who have or are seeking financial opportunity and are known as â€Å"new money†. the valley of ashes represents the moral, social decay, and financial chaos of the American society at this time. 2.The symbol that Fitzgerald used as the outward manifestation of Gatsby’s wealth is hisRead MoreSymbolism Of The Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald901 Words   |  4 PagesSymbolism of Color in Great Gatsby The Great Gatsby was portrayed as one of the greatest novels in American History. But, it is also analyzed as having multiple lenses. This book has been broken down into a ton of symbolisms and it has also been analyzed for every character. The book The Great Gatsby communicates symbolism with the many colors the story line uses and the different way portrays these colors through the settings and plots. The color green is related back to hope. â€Å"He (Gatsby) stretched